Minerals
Exploration
Identifying and assessing mineral deposits through geological surveys, drilling, and sampling.
Extraction
Removing minerals from the earth using various methods such as open-pit mining, underground mining, or placer mining.
Processing
Refining and processing raw minerals to produce marketable products. This may involve crushing, milling, and chemical treatment.
Coal
Coal comes from fossilized swamps, though some older coal deposits that predate terrestrial plants are presumed to come from algal buildups.
Tar Sand
Tar sands, or oil sands, are sandstones that contain petroleum products that are highly viscous, like tar, and thus cannot be drilled and pumped out of the ground readily like conventional oil
High grade coal
Coal found in sedimentary rock, is crushed into the appropriate size and used as fuel for electricity generation or the iron-making process.
Raw diamonds
Raw diamonds, once primarily prized for their natural beauty and authenticity, have seen a remarkable evolution in their role in jewelry and personal adornment.